What You Need to Know about the Link Between Oral Wellness and Your Overall Health
On World Oral Health Day (March 20), we’re taking a closer look at what your oral health can tell you about your well-being.
By Fotinos S. Panagakos, DMD, PhD
Maintaining good oral health isn't just about having a bright smile; it's a fundamental aspect of overall well-being. This can be especially true for people living with a rare disease. Research highlights the strong connection between oral and systemic health. In particular, periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease, has emerged as a significant indicator of broader health issues. Furthermore, individuals with certain systemic conditions must pay extra attention to their oral health due to the interplay between these conditions and oral well-being.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissues surrounding the teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss and contribute to various systemic health problems. Research has shown that periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The inflammation and bacteria associated with gum disease can enter the bloodstream, affecting other parts of the body and potentially exacerbating existing health conditions.
Certain rare diseases can have a direct impact on oral health: this is the case with x-linked hypophosphatemia, an inherited disorder characterized by low levels of phosphate in the blood. Another condition that underscores the importance of oral health is myositis, a group of inflammatory muscle diseases characterized by muscle weakness and inflammation. While the exact cause of myositis is unknown, researchers have identified links between oral health and myositis management. Patients with myositis often exhibit oral complications, such as inflamed soft tissue, a reduction of saliva with an increase in cavities, and an increase in fungal infections. Patients with myositis often experience difficulty in maintaining proper oral hygiene due to muscle weakness, leading to an increased risk of oral infections and periodontal disease.
Moreover, the inflammation seen in myositis and in some other rare diseases may exacerbate existing periodontal issues, creating a vicious cycle of poor oral health and systemic inflammation. Treating periodontitis in individuals with rare disease may help to alleviate inflammation and improve overall health outcomes. As a result, integrating comprehensive oral care into disease management is crucial for optimizing treatment efficacy and enhancing quality of life.
The impact of oral health on systemic well-being extends to a myriad of other conditions beyond rare diseases. For instance, individuals with diabetes are more prone to gum disease, and untreated periodontitis can make it challenging to control blood sugar levels. Similarly, cardiovascular health is closely linked to oral health, with periodontitis contributing to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
The good news is that maintaining good oral hygiene and seeking timely dental care can significantly reduce the risk of periodontitis and its associated health complications. Simple practices such as brushing twice daily, flossing daily, and scheduling regular dental check-ups are essential steps in preventing gum disease and preserving overall health.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and avoiding tobacco use, can further support oral and systemic health. For individuals with systemic conditions like myositis, collaborating with a multidisciplinary healthcare team that includes dental professionals is essential for comprehensive disease management.
The relationship between oral health and overall well-being is undeniable, with periodontitis serving as a significant indicator of systemic health issues. Particularly for individuals with a rare disease like myositis, prioritizing oral health is crucial for managing systemic inflammation and optimizing treatment outcomes. By recognizing the intricate connection between oral health and systemic health, we can take proactive steps to safeguard our well-being from the inside out.
Dr. Panagakos is Dean at the Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences - School of Dental Medicine in Yakima, Washington.
For more information on managing rare disease, check out the Know Rare blog.
